2023-09-30
阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛双重抗血小板聚集21天是治疗轻型卒中或TIA的标准治疗(1-3)。有研究报道,规范用药后,血小板聚集仍不能被有效抑制,这种现象称为抗血小板治疗后血小板高反应性(High on-treatment platelet,HOPR),其发病率在5-65%(4, 5)。VerifyNow检测方法广泛用于监测血小板对抗血小板药物的反应(6)。目前,血小板高反应性发病机制尚不明确,年龄、性别、吸烟、依从性、药物剂量、基因多态性的关注度较高。对于阿司匹林单用及联合氯吡格雷或替格瑞洛的反应性,许多基因已被检测(7-10)。血小板内皮聚集受体1( platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1,PEAR1)是一种血小板跨膜蛋白,可促进血小板的粘附和聚集,参与血栓形成、维持血小板聚集稳态(11)。有研究发现,该基因位点与激动剂诱导的血小板聚集活性显著相关(12),影响血小板多各种激动剂的反应性(13),可能是抗血小板药物治疗期间残余血小板功能的重要决定因素(11, 14),影响卒中和TIA患者的临床结局。本研究旨在探讨在阿司匹林联合氯吡格雷或阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛治疗轻型卒中或TIA的治疗中,PEAR1 rs12041331、rs2768759、rs56260937基因多态性与VerifyNow 检测的血小板反应性的关联及90天的临床结局的影响,指导患者及早采取有效措施,减少血小板高反应性的发生,降低出血风险,提高临床疗效。
对PRINCE试验进行亚组分析,这是一项随机、前瞻性、多中心、开放标签、主动对照、盲法终点试验。试验随机分配急性轻度缺血性卒中(卒中量表评分≤3)或中至高风险 TIA (ABCD2卒中风险评分≥4或≥50% 颈部或颅内血管狭窄,可以解释临床症状)患者在症状出现24小时内接受替格瑞洛加阿司匹林或氯吡格雷加阿司匹林治疗。参与者接受替格瑞洛(第1天180mg,第2-90天每天两次,每次90mg)或氯吡格雷(第1天300mg,第2-90天每天一次,每次75mg) ,并且联合应用阿司匹林(第1天300mg,第2-21天每天一次,每次100mg)。该试验于2015年8月开始接受患者入组,并于2017年6月完成患者随访。在PRINCE试验纳入的26个中心中,17个中心的参与者自愿参加了PL血小板分析仪测定血小板反应性的亚组
The polymorphisms at the rs12041331 and rs2768759 sites of the PEAR1 gene influence platelet aggregation and can interfere with the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs. These polymorphisms could be crucial determinants of bleeding events associated with dual antiplatelet therapy for minor stroke and TIA.
The rs12041331 polymorphism predominantly influenced adenosine diphosphate channel platelet activity, with the AA genotype displaying significantly lower residual platelet activity to the P2Y12 response unit (p < 0.01). This effect was more evident after 7 days of dual antiplatelet treatment (p = 0.016). Mutant A allele carriers had decreased rates of recurrent stroke and complex endpoint events but were more prone to bleeding (p = 0.015). The rs2768759 polymorphism majorly impacted arachidonic acid (AA) channel platelet activity, which was particularly noticeable in the C allele carriers. Our regression analysis demonstrated that rs12041331 AA + GA and rs2768759 CA predicted 90-day post-stroke bleeding. In conclusion, the PEAR1 polymorphisms rs12041331 and rs2768759 interfere with platelet aggregation and the performance of antiplatelet drugs. These genetic variations may contribute to bleeding events associated with minor stroke and TIA